The exhaust manifold is connected to the engine cylinder block, and collects the exhaust gas of each cylinder into the exhaust manifold with branched pipes. The main requirements for it are to minimize the exhaust resistance and avoid mutual interference between the cylinders. When the exhaust is too concentrated, there will be mutual interference between the cylinders, that is, when a cylinder exhausts, it happens to encounter the undischarged exhaust gas from other cylinders. This will increase the resistance of the exhaust, thereby reducing the output power of the engine. The solution is to separate the exhaust of each cylinder as much as possible, one branch for each cylinder, or one branch for two cylinders, and to lengthen each branch as much as possible and form it independently to reduce the mutual influence of gases in different pipes.
Early automobile engines had low power per unit weight, low fuel combustion efficiency, and the exhaust gas temperature did not exceed 500 °C. With the improvement of the efficiency of the automobile engine, the exhaust temperature is increased to 600~650 ℃. In recent years, developed countries have continuously improved automobile exhaust emission standards, and the application of catalytic technology and turbocharging technology has significantly increased the operating temperature of the exhaust manifold, reaching above 750 °C. With the further improvement of engine performance, the working temperature of the exhaust manifold will also increase. At the same time, with the advancement of engine technology, the structure of the exhaust manifold is also complicated. In addition, it works under the condition of cyclic and alternating temperature, which requires the material of the exhaust manifold not only to have good high temperature performance, but also to have Good casting properties. Therefore, the exhaust manifold material must have the following characteristics.
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